Epic of Beowulf Essay - Qualities of a Hero :: Epic of Beowulf Essay

Beowulf Qualities of a Hero A star is someone that helps others no matter what the situation. There are many qualities that a hero must posses such as bravery, courage, strength, intelligence and honor. These qualities alone are not enough to make a hero. They must also be pure at heart, get by for the good of mankind and only fight when it is to protect the people and not out of r hithertoge. Beowulf is everything a hero should be, but contains a few qualities that a hero should not posses. When Beowulf sailed with his men to Herot he had one goal, to rid the hall of Grendal. Beowulf was under no obligation to destroy Grendal and never asked for anything in return for his services. A full-strength hero would never ask for money or anything of value. He put his life at risk to save the people of Herot, who he didnt even know, out of his own good nature Great strength has been a trait that has been identified with heroes in many stories and legends. Than he saw hanging on the wall , a heavy Sword, hammered by giants, strong And blessed with their magic, the best of all weapons But so massive that no ordinary man could lift... (II. 1557-1560) Beowulf have great strength that separated him from other men. Being able to use a sword that no ordinary man was able to carry gives the look that Beowulf is something more than a human being. It makes him special and causes him to stand out from all other men. Fame is something that makes a hero more noted. Beowulfs popularity had spread all over the world. He never let this go to his head and he never thought that he was better than everyone else because of it. Your fame is everywhere, my friend,/Reaches to the ends of the earth, and you hold it in your heart wisely... (II.1704-1706). A hero should not be foolish or full of himself. Unferth said Youre Beowulf, are you- the same Boastful fool who fought a swimming Match with Brecca, both of you hardihood and young and proud,exploring the deepest Seas, risking your li ves for no reason But the danger? (II. 506-511) A hero should not have to prove to himself or to anyone else that he is brave, fearless or courageous. If he is pure a heart and his intentions are good then he can be considered a true hero.

Meiji Period Essay -- essays research papers fc

Meiji Period 1868-1912Meiji Period, also known as Meiji restoration, was a turning point for Japan as it created equality amongst all Japanese people. The bare-assed Japanese government (after the failure of the Tokugawa government) successfully broke down the boundaries between the social classes, established human rights such as the religious freedom, and took all the field that belonged to the former feudal lords (daimyo) and returned it to the government. With an social movement to expand to acquire westernmostern skills in all fields of technology, legislation and science, Japan sought all aspects of western finis and education. While receiving the skills and knowledge, Japan also received its first European style constitution in 1889.In order to carry out the expansion effort to turn Japan into an Industrial country, exchanges of educators and students within the Western and Eastern countries frequently took place. Foreign experts entered Japan to teach the Western cultur e, while some Japanese students migrated to the West to learn what the West had to offer. In 1880, 140 Japanese lived in the linked States. Within ten years time, the number of Japanese living in the United States increased to 2038. This alarming figure triggered the United States government, which led to the implementation of the Immigration Act in 1924, targeting directly to Japanese Immigrants in the United States. While seek westernization of all parts of society and culture, Japanese brought back the Western st...

Speech Recognition Fundamentals Current and Future :: Essays Papers

Speech Recognition Fundamentals Current and Future Human centric computing branches go forth into many areas. One of the most important one is actors line recognition since this is the primary way for human beings to communicate. Therefore, it is only natural to use speech as the primary method to input information into a computational device or object needing manual input. The goal of human centric computing is to furbish up technology as user friendly as possible and to integrate it completely into human life by altering to humans specifications. Currently, computers force humans to adapt to computers, which is the opposite intend of human centric computing. Speech recognition has the basic intention to help humans easily communicate with computers and reap the maximum earn from them. Though, speech recognition faces several problems in its implementation it is partiall(a)y available in todays life. The complexity of speech in not as obvious to humans because of their innate sense of grammar, which is not inherent to computers. Still, speech recognition is being used in daily life. Though, in the future speech recognition could be included in the simplest of items. When this is achieved complete human centric view is achieved regarding speech recognition. The fundamental of speech recognition is to take hygienic and to empathise this information into text and commands. This process is very complex since sound has to be matched up with stored sound bites and further analysis has to be done on sound bites, which have no clear match with preexisting sound pieces. To determine an undetermined piece of sound requires computing power to use grammatical rules and pen rules using established models how often this word is used and how it relates to the other defined sound bites. The problem with speech recognition programs for text editors is the complexity of human speech. Therefore, all text is constantly check to make sur e that no grammatical or spelling errors end up in the final product(HMW 17). This comes habitual to humans who have an innate sense of sentence structure and word groupings. The recognition program has to recognize the input and form the sentence. This sentence will be base on a huge set of parameters, grammar, which defines human speech.

The Maya Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Maya were a dominating society of Mesoamerica, bounteous in culture, community, and art. While life may not be all interpretable yet, lots in known more or less how these societies were constructed, and how their religion dominated their lives. lots is generally made of their massive lapidatework, their ceremonial complexes, and ritual sacrifices, but their micro don, ceramic, and stone inscribe deserves as much attention as the works of much larger size have received.The Maya, inhabiting southern Mexico, Guatemala, and northern Belize, began to settle in communities around 1500 b.c. By A.D. 200, these communities had grown into large cities with expansive areas of temples, pyramids, ball courts, and plazas.1 Pre classic Maya shape developed under the geographic expansion of the inhabitants into a variety of ecosystems, animate technical and artistic change. The highland inhabitants may have been earlier in initiating stone sculpture.2 Figure 8, an anthropomorphic mush room figure found in Guatemala may have been a symbol of fertility, judging by its shapes connotation. other regional sculpture includes figurines with swollen bellies, accentuated sexual regions, and even pregnant beast depictions. This could be because of the association of maternity and fertility with nature and Mother Earth.The Classic hitch of the Maya began to develop around A.D. 250 and flourished through A.D. 900. Around that time was the start of the raise Classic Period, which was conquered by the Spanish in the early 16th century.3 The information about the classification of these cultures is not strong in that it may be considered conflicting to call certain periods Classic, Pre Classic, Post Classic, etc. because the rise and fall of Mayan cities was an overlapping sensation, and the creation of a certain style would appear at many unlike times throughout the domination of the culture. For classification of the purposes of this paper, however, the division of the culture is used.Small Mayan sculpture has been discovered at a variety of locations. An Early Classic jade blame, 4 1/4 tall, of the Bird-Monster God (fig. 9), was found at Copan, Honduras. This tiny, sculpted piece of a deity features human hands and feet, with the figure seated cro... ...assic Maya graphics and Architecture. In The Ancient Americas Art from Sacred Landscapes, ed. Richard F. Townsend, 159-169. Chicago The Art get of Chicago, 1992.Miller, bloody shame Ellen. The Art of Mesoamerica from Olmec to Aztec, 2nd ed. London Thames and Hudson, 1996.Reilly III, F. Kent. Art, Ritual, and Rulership in the Olmec World. In The Ancient Civilizations of Mesoamerica, eds. Michael E. metalworker and Marilyn A. Masson, 369-399. Oxford Blackwell Publishers, 2000.Valdes, Juan Antonio. The Beginnings of Preclassic Maya Art and Architecture. In The Ancient Americas Art from Sacred Landscapes, ed. Richard F. Townsend, 147-57. Chicago The Art Institute of Chicago, 1992. T he Maya Essay -- essays research papers fc The Maya were a dominating society of Mesoamerica, rich in culture, community, and art. While life may not be completely interpretable yet, much in known about how these societies were constructed, and how their religion dominated their lives. Much is generally made of their massive stonework, their ceremonial complexes, and ritual sacrifices, but their small jade, ceramic, and stone sculpture deserves as much attention as the works of much larger size have received.The Maya, inhabiting southern Mexico, Guatemala, and northern Belize, began to settle in communities around 1500 b.c. By A.D. 200, these communities had grown into large cities with expansive areas of temples, pyramids, ball courts, and plazas.1 Pre classic Maya sculpture developed under the geographic expansion of the inhabitants into a variety of ecosystems, inspiring technical and artistic change. The highland inhabitants may have been earlier in initiating stone sculpture. 2 Figure 8, an anthropomorphic mushroom figure found in Guatemala may have been a symbol of fertility, judging by its shapes connotation. Other regional sculpture includes figurines with swollen bellies, accentuated sexual regions, and even pregnant animal depictions. This could be because of the association of maternity and fertility with nature and Mother Earth.The Classic Period of the Maya began to develop around A.D. 250 and flourished through A.D. 900. Around that time was the start of the Post Classic Period, which was conquered by the Spanish in the early 16th century.3 The information about the classification of these cultures is not strong in that it may be considered inappropriate to call certain periods Classic, Pre Classic, Post Classic, etc. because the rise and fall of Mayan cities was an overlapping sensation, and the establishment of a certain style would appear at many different times throughout the domination of the culture. For classification of the purposes of t his paper, however, the division of the culture is used.Small Mayan sculpture has been discovered at a variety of locations. An Early Classic jade piece, 4 1/4 tall, of the Bird-Monster God (fig. 9), was found at Copan, Honduras. This tiny, sculpted piece of a deity features human hands and feet, with the figure seated cro... ...assic Maya Art and Architecture. In The Ancient Americas Art from Sacred Landscapes, ed. Richard F. Townsend, 159-169. Chicago The Art Institute of Chicago, 1992.Miller, Mary Ellen. The Art of Mesoamerica from Olmec to Aztec, 2nd ed. London Thames and Hudson, 1996.Reilly III, F. Kent. Art, Ritual, and Rulership in the Olmec World. In The Ancient Civilizations of Mesoamerica, eds. Michael E. Smith and Marilyn A. Masson, 369-399. Oxford Blackwell Publishers, 2000.Valdes, Juan Antonio. The Beginnings of Preclassic Maya Art and Architecture. In The Ancient Americas Art from Sacred Landscapes, ed. Richard F. Townsend, 147-57. Chicago The Art Institute of Chicago , 1992.

Roy Cohn from Angels in America :: Personal Narrative Writing

Roy Cohn from Angels in AmericaThe trip to Brooklyn didnt turn out the way I expected this morning. I went back to Brooklyn looking for the emotional state I had left when I went to college. My father, the Judge Albert Cohn of the New York extract Supreme Court always valued me to go away and find a life story outside of Brooklyn. It meant a lot to him to have his only minor to go out of Brooklyn and continue what he called his judges legacy. However, I always degenerate what I had left. Life for me has been a struggle since I became an aide for Senator Joseph McCarthy. Im an American patriot and my job those days was to prove to the country that the State Department was full of communist infiltrators, but the Senator and I had become what the Communists and Liberals call discredited. The Senator charm in the countrys politics had decline but my influence is still strong. I didnt fade away as he did. I always wanted to walk the streets that I walked when I was a child one more clip to reassure myself that the struggle had been worth it. I yearn when Im alone to feel again the joy I felt when I walked by the big houses of Rugby Road on my way home after school. Walking those streets one more time, I wanted to feel Brooklyn the way it felt to me then. Like a magical kingdom. Like the Jews in the promise land after wandering in the desert for twoscore years. Time seems to stretch endlessly on those days ten minutes felt more as an hour and summer felt like the alone year. Nevertheless, this time, it hadnt worked out that way to me. The magic feeling that felt as a boy looking at those houses from the sidewalk was no longer there. It seems that my clock had stared working right again. A minute was a minute and an hour was sixty minutes as it was everywhere else. Tick, tick, tick... tick. I couldnt stretch time again or at least not today.After my conversation with the old man, I didnt feel I could continue walking those streets anymore. He had taken away in minutes the feeling of anticipation I had in the subway while it went over the Manhattan Bridge on its way to Brooklyn.

Roy Cohn from Angels in America :: Personal Narrative Writing

Roy Cohn from Angels in AmericaThe trip to Brooklyn didnt turn out the way I expected this morning. I went back to Brooklyn looking for the spiritedness I had left when I went to college. My father, the Judge Albert Cohn of the New York relegate Supreme Court always treasured me to go away and find a life history outside of Brooklyn. It meant a lot to him to have his only tike to go out of Brooklyn and continue what he called his judges legacy. However, I always expend what I had left. Life for me has been a struggle since I became an aide for Senator Joseph McCarthy. Im an American patriot and my job those days was to prove to the country that the State Department was full of communist infiltrators, but the Senator and I had become what the Communists and Liberals call discredited. The Senator make in the countrys politics had decline but my influence is still strong. I didnt fade away as he did. I always wanted to walk the streets that I walked when I was a child one more c lock time to reassure myself that the struggle had been worth it. I yearn when Im alone to feel again the joy I felt when I walked by the big houses of Rugby Road on my way home after school. Walking those streets one more time, I wanted to feel Brooklyn the way it felt to me then. Like a magical kingdom. Like the Jews in the promise land after wandering in the desert for 40 years. Time seems to stretch endlessly on those days ten minutes felt more as an hour and summer felt like the hearty year. Nevertheless, this time, it hadnt worked out that way to me. The magic feeling that felt as a boy looking at those houses from the sidewalk was no longer there. It seems that my measure had stared working right again. A minute was a minute and an hour was sixty minutes as it was everywhere else. Tick, tick, tick... tick. I couldnt stretch time again or at least not today.After my conversation with the old man, I didnt feel I could continue walking those streets anymore. He had taken away in minutes the feeling of anticipation I had in the subway while it went over the Manhattan Bridge on its way to Brooklyn.

Progression of music

In this literature review we will be looking at reading ground around the motif of progression within unison. Comparisons between different pieces of text regarding the current position of practice of medicine, and If possible, the future of medicament and how it can progress. The main books in discussion will exist of, Simon ReynoldsRetaining, David gantletMaking Is Connecting, eminentThe Political Economy of euphony. A conduct of the reiterates that will be in discussion will revolve around the discipline of post repeat.This Is a theory regarding the structure or submit of current music, an Idea long-shanked briefly discusses In context with three other front stages he believes to put on occurred. This alike explains the choice to discuss Retaining, the themes from this book tie in with the concept of repetition and revolves around firm beliefs that current music, and similarly edict argon trapped in the one- conviction(prenominal). However Making is connecting takes a more(prenominal) subjective role in the discussion as it is primarily based around the individual creator in the sense of their feeling and creativity, and does non so much Involve the influence of any capitalist ideas.We will offshoot draw some theories from Tails. Draws up the comparison of Music running along brass nightclub, and at points beyond. In short, Tall draws the comparison in which music runs along side social order and how the mindset of society, at any given time, is reflected onto the art of music. not Just in the literal sense as would be apply to such eras as Punk, but in the progression of music over time. its styles and economic organization are ahead of the rest of society because it explores, much express than material reality can, the entire range of capabilities in a given code. (Tails,1977) Here Tall is referring to music as a sped up representation of society at any given time. This is why his current claim on post repetition is interesting a s any other stage or progression in music, according to Tails, could replicate that of societies in the future. The question regarding this is whether it is possible for music or society, to considerably progress onto what could be seen as another stage of progression. If the idea of post- tell is feasible, then it could be seen that society, let alone music, are currently trapped in a repeating existence that isnt regressing, only expanding.However for the time beingness it is more important to look back if there is any chance of looking forward. This is where Italys four stages of music form in Political Economy of Music, and during the last stage, the idea of post repeating is bought about. Sacrifice refers to the point in musical history where no sound was recorded, written, and the art of music was completely isolated from anything physical. It was simply Just an oral process. Music was simply a way of transferring current cultural and social feelings from one person to anot her. RepresentingThis status refers to the first printed music, 1500-1900 AD. Printed music was the first form of music that was seen as a commodity, it could be seen as the first time any form of technology had an influence upon human emotion. Tall refers to this period as Representation because the performer would have to represent and play the music that was printed for an audience. Repeating The term repeating refers to the time period of around 1900 to the present. The term is applied by Tall to any recorded sound of broadcasted sound which was made possible by technological advancements.Even though this meant music as an labor could really excel and prophet, the first mindset of music being a commodity was established the moment it could be written and performed. However, according to Tails, the stage of repeating completely took over and made the ideas behind representation, now irrelevant. The advent of recording thoroughly shattered representation. First produced as a way of preserving its trace, it instead replaced it as the driving force of catchs a simulacrum of the record an audience generally familiar with the artists recordings attends to hear a live replicationFor startleular music, this as meant the tardy death of small bands, who have been reduced to faithful imitations of recording stars. For the classical repertory, it means the danger Of imposing all of the aesthetic criteria of repetition?made of grimness and cold calculation?upon representation. (Tails,1977) Post Repetition The term post repetition was a term Tall briefly refers to as the next state from Repeating, this is also backed up by Italys Chapter on Composing and how this new process is not undertaken for exchange or use value.Even though Italys theories, as well as many other philosophers surrounding he subject, can be seen ambitious and at some times overly vague, this idea of a post repetition makes sense and would revolve around society at this moment and how we are p rogressing. This is why it is of interest as to whether music can genuinely progress, or whether we are infinitely trapped within a post era where Italys terms of exchange time and use time, are becoming ever more irrelevant. Tall labels Exchange-Time as the time one would spend earning the spend listening to the bought item.The ideas of exchange time and use time, are now seen as words which dont bear relevance to a vast amount of current music. With the massive surge of the internet and entrancewayibility, the value of music has morphed, and also the intentions of the people making it. This new activity is non undertaken for its exchange or use value. It is undertaken solely for the pleasure of the person who does it (its producer). Such activity involves a radical rejection of the specialized roles (composer, performer, audience) that dominated all previous music. Data, 1977) We will now relate this to and investigate current musical practice and the mindset of the Producer. Simon Reynolds book Retaining, and Making is connecting by David Gauntlet both investigate these ideas. Retaining is written by Reynolds with belief that the progression of music is now non existent and modern music of the everyday culture is based upon regurgitation of past trends/ideas/styles. We live in a society that is obsessed with its aver past, instead of moving into a new future.Reynolds does also include mostly all aspects of day-after-day life into his theories and how our society is looking back instead of looking forward. Artifacts of its immediate past, but there has never before been a society that is able to access the immediate past so easily and so copiously. (Reynolds, 2011) Here we see Reynolds referring to the society we are currently surrounded by, as one obsessed with its own past. He also gives appreciation to the fact that we live in a world where modern phenomenons, such as the internet and media , give society the powerfulness to access the immediate p ast so easily and freely.This is key to part of the conclude as to why Reynolds believes as a whole that we are liveness in a Retraining, a world that is looking backwards instead of forwards. It is a pretty indisputable fact, that due to the surge of technology and the lily advantages in our life, we have access to the things we never would have had before. However Reynolds follows up on this point, putting the obsession of the past, into the minding that it is because we are nostalgic and almost envious of it. Is nostalgia lemniscus our cultures ability to surge forward, or are we nostalgic precisely because our culture has stopped moving forward and so we inevitably look back to more momentous and dynamic times? (Reynolds, 2011) stopped moving forward in general, whether or not he is finding reason through nostalgia. A lot of Reynolds beliefs come through in forms of musical practices such s sampling, covering artists, anniversary concerts, greatest hits albums, generally re petitive process. We live in a pop age gone loco for retro and crazy commemoration (Reynolds,2011) Could it be that the greatest danger to the future of music culture is its past. (Reynolds, 2011) These are quotes from the very first page of the introduction and sum up his beliefs straight away. He goes as far to say that the end of pop culture will not come with one big bang, but it is through a gradual process which we are already living in. This is the way that pop ends, not with a BANG but with a box set whose Ruth disc you never get around to playing. Reynolds, 2011) He then, shortly after, puts the reasoning upon the producer The very people you wouldve once expected to produce (as artists) or champion (as consumers) the non-traditional and the groundbreaking thats The avian-grade is now an airre-grade. (Reynolds, 2011) These quotes are portraying the modern producer as the fundamental reason as to why music isnt progressing. This, to Reynolds, could be seen as an environme ntal issue due to the fact our society is constantly exploring the past and repeating itself.He described the process of the modern producer as airier-grade meaning it is the producer themselves who are trapped in the past. However, as previously mentioned, a lot of the reasoning as to why we may be living in a culture where we are looking back, is due to the fact we can. Technology and the way we have advanced as a culture has enabled us to store huge amounts of digital artifacts through mediums such as pods, computers, phones, sound-systems, cads, records, the internet.We can also experience music and media in ways like never before stereo 51, 3-D image/sound, and not to mention all the ways in which to do so prior to these. To Reynolds, the abilities to store and look back, are what we have become victim to. Weve become victims of our ever-increasing capacity to store, organism, instantly access, and share vast amounts of cultural data. Not only has there immediate past, but ther e has never before been a society that is able to access the past so easily and so copiously. Reynolds, 2011) This quote is mainly focused on the fact we are able to easily access, store, share data like never before. However Reynolds does use the phrase, weve become, this could suggest that our access to all this data as only become a robber of recent time. Reynolds never seems to really pick at the provoke of vinyl, tape, or the initial upraise of cads. The start of the sasss is when he believes our modern culture and popular music industry lost all forward thinking and started want past ideas and past trends. Instead of being the threshold to the future, the first ten years of the twenty-first century turned out to be the Re Decade. (Reynolds, 2011) Here this quote describes the start of the sasss, as being the start of a retro decade instead of being the start of new original ideas. Perhaps the first time popular culture fully shifted its attention to the past. This brings up the question as to whether technological advancements such as Amps, I Pods and the mass growth of file-sharing are the reason as to why we are so sentimental and look back for inspiration in modern music practice.Or is it more to do with the producer, sooner than the ways of consumption. Has the person creating and making the material lost the will to look forward If Italys point of musics styles and economic organization, being ahead of the rest of society then then what would be the outcome of the sasss Re-decade as Reynolds dubbed it? Could that be the point our society has truly reached a form of creative standardization. Where new ideas and creative soul is solely based upon repetition of past ideas.This could be what Tall wouldve been suggesting through the idea of Post Repetition. There is no forward movement in the progression of music as an art anymore, only the ways in which we experience it. However back to the point of the producer, Making is connecting, written by Dav id Gauntlet investigates the process of creativity and can be related to how this has an effect on current musical practices and the position of popular culture on modern music and inevitably the question of progression. Making is connecting is fundamentally about how people make things to engage with the world around them, and build connections with others through this process. Gauntlet believes that due to the benefits of popular culture in terms of the internet, file sharing, and platforms that enable people to share their creative work, we are seeing a shift in mentality. Gauntlet describes this as a shift from a Sit back and be told culture, to a making and doing culture. (Gauntlet 2009)

How does Stevenson use the specific technique to explore the idea of good and evil? Essay

In this essay I will explore how redeeming(prenominal) and evil is presented in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde written by Robert Louis Stevenson. At the age 35, Stevenson produced his masterpiece. It is rattling rare for a novel so grey-headed to be still commonly read now. This denominates just how well written this novel is.Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is a hi storey about(predicate) an enthusiastic scientist fascinated with life and expiry. Curious about human life, Jekyll is determined to change his physical appearance/ personality. After successfully engineering his give physical appearance, volume are shocked, appalled and astonished at the outcome of it.Stevenson was born on November 13, 1850 in Edinburgh. He was from a prosperous family, containing members of the legal professions and ministers of the church. His nanny-goat and a nurse called Alison Cunningham taught Stevenson about good and evil. Good and evil and her taught influenced him to write Dr.Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.Jekyll is a scientist/doctor who covered up the secret of life full of brute(a) accomplishment. He feels that he is battling with himself amid what is good and what is evil. In chapter 9 after drinking the potion the respectable Jekyll trans piss himself to younger, cruller and barbarous Mr. Hyde. Dr.Jekyll has many friends and friendly personality but Mr. Hyde has non. He snuff its mysterious, secretive and impetuous. Mr. Hyde grows in power as the time goes by, he takes the potion again and he is no longer confident letting go of his evil side.Religion and science were two dominant forces during Stevensons time. The rapid development of science caused controversy throughout the churches man was questioning religion and it is trustworthiness. I believe that Stevenson was trying to demonstrate this in the novel. An eager, apprehensive doctor was delving in to the realm of unknown.Transforming a life is no simple everyday experiment tampering with the power of God can have serious con sequences. In Jekylls the consequences were fatal. Jekylls love of doing experiments and be evil caused the death of innocent mint and his ultimate demise. Perhaps Stevenson was trying to bear that being evil must have its limitation. Even knowledge has its boundaries. I came to believe that Stevenson was trying to pass the core to people that there is light and dark in all mankind and he wrote Dr.Jekyll and Mr. Hyde to portray his emotions that he thought about good and evil.In this way Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde story is the same, as Macbeth who wants to be a czar and famous forever or besides them both wants to be as powerful as god is. still they both are failure, not successful, they cannot be gods.Now I am going to examine how the specific techniques that are used to explore the idea of good and evil.In the Victorian times London was urban center of poverty, disease and desperation. At the same time London was a city of evil, where theft or violent assault get holded eit her in early hours of the morning or late at night.In the novel of Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Places are used as a metaphor to show apprehension, uncertainty and enthusiasm.In the Novel of Dr.Jekyll and Mr. Hyde the Buildings is described as Sinister block to give us an image of Jekylls building describing it as vile, foul and a terrible fall out to be and live in.When Stevenson was writing Jekyll and Hyde, lots of crime was happening in London. London was startled by a crime of singular ferocity this quotation bring ups that a vicious criminal activities were happening in London, one eminent murderer at the time was jack the ripper, a serial murderer who murdered prostitutes during the night time.The area where Mr. Hyde lived were dingy and crowded at night it was the kind of place where you would meet beggars, hobos and criminals The dismal quarter of Soho indicates that he did lived in a Dodgy area which was not very nice, and Stevenson mention this to display how dangerous it could be for some ordinary people . Moreover I think one of the reasons why Robert Louis Stevenson describes the places such as this in detailed is because at the time there was no TV or cinema and people would have to see the places from Stevensons description.London is described as one of the most atrocious city like a district of some city in a nightmare Stevenson is comparing London city to a nightmare and giving his audience an image of old, offended and an extremely obnoxious place to imagine with.In the novel of Dr.Jekyll and Mr. Hyde weather is used to create a chaotic and evil atmosphere to emphasis something very surprising is going to happen Fog rolled over the city, night was cloudless but the wind was continually changing it was a wild, cold, seasonable night of March this quotation suggest that heavy mist was in London, night was bright but the wind was constantly wavering. And also in this quotation Stevenson is using ferociousness of the weather to show sign of Danger an d create an evil atmosphere to grab the readers attention and change its readers mind. Further more it tell us that something frightening is awaiting and going to happen and that can be sign of Jack the ripper Murdering a prostitute.In Dr.Jekyll and Mr Hyde Satan is recognized as a symbol of ultimate evil. domains reaction to temptation has been revealed to us in the Adam and Eve story. In the novel Stevenson was trying to compare Satan to Mr. Hyde by saying that he has Satan signature which means that he has similar attitude, style and has all the ingredients in a way for him to be a Satan, Stevenson is trying to explore how blue some individuals can be.Stevenson explores how Dr.Jekyll is going to transform himself in to Hyde. He also tell us what Jekyll is to say about himself before being transformed He thanked me with smiling nod, measured out a few minims of the red tincture and added on of the powder He says that he always wanted to do what he loved mostly doing experiment which shows he is happy with himself and doesnt care about what other people think about him when they sees him. I think this is a magnificent example from Stevenson exploring that no one is born evil however they are transformed in to a brutal person.The Victorians believed that animals were a lower form of life and man was superior to animals. In the novel Mr. Hyde is compared to a beast and in Victorians view he is lower than man and they thinks that he should be excluded from their society. swell flame of anger, stamping with his foot, brandishing the cane and carrying on-as the maid described it like a madman this quotation suggest that he is trampling his victims under foot and Stevenson displays him like a beast, unwanted, and portray him like a dog. Furthermore this quotation suggests that beast cannot be a form of their society because Victorians were strong fundamentally religious.When Stevenson was nine years old Charles Darwin published The origin of species introducin g theory of evolution. Many people saw this as an attack on religion because it is impossible to believe that God created the universe in seven days. A lot of people in the Victorian era came to believe that they had to chose between the two, but some people thought that science had bring about dangerous and was interfering in the matter which only God had control over.Stevenson describes character of Mr. Hyde immoral, because he trampled on a girl and clubbed an old man to death is significant because they are the most vulnerable people in society and so it is especially atrocious.The effect of Mr. Hyde in the other characters is disgraceful, outrageous and unbelievably terrifying. angiotensin converting enzyme day when Utterson and Enfield was walking they past Jekylls window, as they have not seen him in for a long time and his facial bearing terrify them. His expression change to abject terror and despair Enfield and Utterson both describes him as dreadful, hopelessness and mo nstrous human being that other human are scared of him.Dr Lanyon become seriously ill and dies as result of seeing Jekyll transform into Hyde in front of his eyes. In here the readers view change about science and also they might start to acknowledge the fatal consequences of science and its effectiveness to mankind. And Mr. Hyde actions reveal that how bad some individual can be? His life is shaken to its root this quotations suggest that he (Utterson) is horrendously scared to death. Other character like Dr. Lanyon and Utterson is described as good Because I strongly believe that Stevenson is trying to pass the message to people that we can be good or evil, it is our choice, but he is also trying to pass the message to people that in reality being good known its foundation, but being evil not, so Stevenson in sensibility is trying to say being evil should known its disadvantages.Mr Hyde is described as Solid reliable yet full of contradictions which means he says something but doe s something else completely strange and unusual and embarrassing. He is not completely evil neither he is good. In my opinion Stevenson is trying to portray many of his personal views in this novel. His thoughts on how society can turn an innocent person into a cruel vicious person are imperative in the novel Jekyll and Hyde. I believe that due to mass rejection and overall prejudice shown. Stevenson is trying is to prove that no one is born evil how ever they are turned in to a creature of appalling nature by their respective surroundings.In conclusion I think that Stevenson was really successful in using specific technique to explore the ideas of evil.Characters like Utterson were described as large, well made, melted faced man in the novel. He is a good lawyer and well respected in the community, I think Stevenson uses him to represent the rational lives of Victorians and whitethorn also express that werent all people in Victorians era bad like Mr. Hyde but there were mostly wel l respected, like Mr.Utterson a truly amiable man indeed .When Utterson think about Mr. Hyde he says If he be Mr. Hyde, I shall be Mr. Seek. Which I think is very knavish and funny, clever because ones he catch Mr. Hyde he might call the police to take him away. Funny cause they are like want to play a game.Describing Mr. Hyde as ugly, deformed, small, dissipate and hairy in the novel, I think Stevenson was trying to reveal dark side of a person to its Victorian audience, saying everything is hot about Hyde. when Mr. Hyde murders sir Danvers crew an important member of parliament at the time, after that he roughly wanted to change himself, avoid using anymore violence, moolah killing other innocent people but cant because the power of science seem too strong for him and he realizes that he is battling between himself in trying to freeze his evil side behind but it seem impossible to transform back to his friendly and entrusted character which was the dignified Mr. Jekyll and I th ink this is one of the most remarkable techniques but adequately true at the same time used by Stevenson to answer the Victorians question about Charles Darwins ideas that humans had a dual nature and ones they get in to their evil habit they cant change it and it look like Dr.Jekyll would be Mr. Hyde permanently. Stevenson is using Charles Darwin idea to express his own idea about science. He is saying that scientists (Jekyll) who play with the nature have to understand what they do that happen upon peoples lifes, they had to be responsible and make sure they are not harmed.Robert Louis Stevenson used Mr. Hyde in this novel to personify many of his tinge and thoughts. The downfall of the Dr.Jekyll from an intelligent and caring being to a homicidal beast shows just how society can play a part turning psyche in to a real individual.I thought that Stevenson has successfully achieved his aims in clarifying the commingled of human being. Overall I thought, evil is explored using man y divers(prenominal) devices. Stevenson creates an evil atmosphere using the weather to set the scene. He uses animal imagery- like descriptions for Hyde to show that nothing that evil can be human. However, evil is not always so distant from good as Dr. Jekyll was a combination of both.

Social Responsibility in Business

In examining the mission statements of multiple companies, it is apparent that corporations claim to prioritize headspring-disposed responsibility. Companies like Whole Foods, Ben &Jerrys, Camano Island Coffee Roasters all actively contribute to different genial causes. Even Philip Morris prioritizes actively participating in societal concerns that are relevant to its businesses oer generating returns for its stockholders (Philip Morris, 2011). There are many different views on the extent to which corporations should be involved in societal concerns.The three most prominent are the stockholder theory, the concept of companionable business, and the stakeholder theory. Of these, the stakeholder theory is the most appropriate. Because corporations are considered to be individuals within our society, they bear a certain amount of responsibility to their fellow citizens, so it is non enough for them to act only in the interest of their stockholders. However, corporations are entitled to earn profits, and therefore can non be expected to act as purely amicable businesses.Consequently, businesses must look for a happy medium within the stakeholder theory, acting in the interests of the stockholders, customers, employees and civil society. Milton Friedman, a major proponent of the stockholder theory, argues that beyond legal compliance, the social responsibility of business is to development its profits, meaning corporations hold responsibilities only to their shareholders and the law (Friedman, 1970). One of the main points he addresses is the fact that when a play along bus spends the companys money on a social cause, he/she takes away from the maximum possible returns to the stockholders.In addition to taking from the stockholders, the price of the product may rise, taking away from the consumer, or wages might fall, taking away from the employees. Because of this, the manager is in effect imposing taxes, on the one hand, and deciding how the tax proceed s shall be spent, on the other (Friedman, 1970). Friedman claims taxes are the responsibility of the government and giving the corporations money to a social cause is a form of taxation without representation. This would be the case if the manager were merely donating the funds to a cause of his/her choosing.However, Camano Island Coffee Roasters (CICR) supports its own industry by ensuring that they participate in Fair Trade. In addition to participating in Fair Trade, CICR helps the coffee farmers by qualification sure they own the land they work, as well as helping to keep their children well nourished (Gunter, 2007). By helping the farmers from whom CICR buys its coffee, it ensures that it can use the top 1% of the available coffee market (Gunter, 2007). As a result of its acts of altruism, Camano Island Coffee Roasters has been able to ensure a top quality product and consequently has been a very successful corporation.Friedmans theory is as well as similar to the trickle-dow n theory. He believes that by maximizing profits, corporations bequeath help the less fortunate by providing better goods and services as well as higher(prenominal) wages. However, like the trickle-down theory, the result is the CEOs of corporations make millions of dollars, whereas the lower level employees barely make enough to survive. Ben and Jerrys is a perfect example of a company that does not abide by Friedmans philosophy, and yet has been extraordinarily successful.They manage to provide the highest quality product possible, in addition to paying their employees what they call living wage, making sure the lowest pay employees are still making well above the minimum wage (LEDA denomination). For Ben and Jerrys, the tax, as Friedman would call it, is taken from the highest paid employees of the company. An hold reviewing Ben and Jerrys business ethics says Consistent with their mission for social responsibility, the highest paid employees of Ben & Jerrys would not earn mo re than seven times more than the lowest paid full-time employees (LEDA article).Despite the success of socially responsible corporations, Friedman would argue that these companies would have had greater success if they had focused solely on turning higher profits. Therefore it is circumstantial to consider the possibilities for corporations to act in an unethical manner even when complying with Friedmans philosophy. When Ford released the Pinto, it was aware of the potential for customers to be killed due to a flaw in the Pintos design.Despite this knowledge, based on a cost-benefit analysis, Ford determined it would be less costly to deal with the law suits brought by people who were injured or killed rather than to recall and fix each car. Ford was well within the legal requirements for car safety at the time and legally sold the Pinto, despite the danger. However, by not considering the consequences of its actions beyond just the financial, Ford was responsible for over fifty deaths (American Decades, 2001). According to Friedman, this decision to comfort profit over human lives was perfectly ethical. On the other side of the pectrum from the stockholder-oriented philosophy is a new field of business called social business. By definition, a social business is a non-loss, non-dividend company whose focus is not on profits, but on furthering a social cause (Yunus, 2010). Nobel Peace prize laureate Muhammad Yunus is the founder of this field of corporate social responsibility. In 2006, Yunus collaborated with a French food company called Danone to launch the first social business, Grameen Danone. Its mission is to provide children in rural Bangladesh with nutrients that are lacking from their diet.An article on the Danone website says the success of the project ordain above all be judged on non-financial criteria the number of direct and indirect works created (milk producers, small wholesalers, door to door sellers), improvements to childrens health, resistance of the environment etc (Danone, 2011). However, based on the way we currently measure the success of corporations, Grameen Danone would appear to be a very unsuccessful business. Do social businesses and non-profit organizations want a change in the conventional methods of determining the success of a corporation?It is highly unlikely that many corporations will adopt such a radical method as social business. Therefore, while social businesses should be commended, and even used as inspiration, for their contribution to society, it is more reasonable for corporations to focus on the interests of both their stockholders and community. R. Edward Freeman is one of the founders of the stakeholder theory, which says that companies hold responsibilities to five main groups including shareholders, consumers and the general public.Unlike social business, Freemans stakeholder theory is not meant to be a despoil to the stockholder theory, but instead, Freeman argues that the views of both Friedman and Yunus are just narrower versions of the stakeholder theory (Theoretical and Pedagogical Issues). Freeman says that in modern society businesses must consider multiple stakeholders when making decisions. Whole Foods provides an example of a company which takes into account more than just making profits. Whole Foods purchases its products from local farmers despite the fact that this raises the costs of its goods.Even though this may hurt its checkbook, Whole Foods is able to sell healthier and higher quality products while also supporting its local community. In addition to perform altruistic acts, many of Whole Foods customers are loyal because of its ethical methods of doing business (Conversation with John Mackey, 2011). Whole Foods also goes beyond merely making profits by creating trust with its employees. When executing a merger with the company Wild Oats, Whole Foods needed to c leave out down many of the Wild Oats locations because they were in markets where there were already Whole Foods stores located.However, instead of firing the Wild Oats workers, Whole Foods offered solid job security and alternate positions at the existing Whole Foods locations. In an interview, in regards to the job security offered to Wild Oats employees, Whole Foods CEO John Mackey said, First of all, thats the right thing to do, and secondly, if people have a lot of anxiety that they could lose their jobs, that inhibits their ability to learn and adapt. I feel youve got to offer security if you want to get people to move forward. Otherwise theyre too scared. (John Mackey Interview, 2008)Not only does this stakeholder nest to business result in societally beneficial actions, but it also leads to more efficient, harder working employees. However, there are problems with the stakeholder approach to business ethics. Many argue that an acceptation of stakeholder theory, over stockholder, would undermine shareholder property rights and discourage equity e nthronization (ethical motive Gone Wrong, 2000). Advocates of this concept claim that because corporations must cater to the needs of groups other than their shareholders, the potential of the stockholders investment diminishes significantly (Ethics Gone Wrong, 2000).Contrary to this idea, investment vehicles like the Calvert Investment Mutual Fund provide investment portfolios that integrate two distinct research frameworks a mingy review of financial performance, and a thorough assessment of environmental, social and governance performance. (Calvert Investments, 2011). The success of the Calvert Mutual Fund provides evidence that even when considering corporations that apply stakeholder-oriented business practices, the value and trade-ability of equity capital does not diminish.Therefore, even if most corporations adopt a stakeholder-oriented perspective, the effects on the stock market and on equity capital will be much less severe than critics predict. Another issue often addr essed by critics of the stakeholder theory is that an adoption of the stakeholder philosophy would result in an increase in self-serving behavior among managers. This is because managers will be able to appeal to the conflicting demands of different stakeholders in order to circumvent certain responsibilities, as well as indulge in self-serving behaviors.Advocates of stockholder-oriented business claim that adopting the stakeholder philosophy will not only multiply the amount of self-serving managers, but will also make it even more difficult to discipline such behavior. Alexei M. Marcoux, a critic of the stakeholder theory, says, Between the ability of managers to justify their self-serving behavior in terms of the balanced pursuit of stakeholder interests and the protections that a stakeholder-oriented corporate law must afford to managers the accountability of managers for their actions must necessarily suffer. (Ethics Gone Wrong, 2000). However, if firms are so imprisoned on ad hering to a strict ethical code, there will be internal means by which such dishonorable behavior can be disciplined. Furthermore, in the hiring process, firms will ensure that managers will not act in self-serving ways, but instead maintain high ethical standards. Among the various philosophies regarding the social responsibility of businesses there is a spectrum ranging from exclusively profit-oriented to solely serving the community.However, because corporations are considered individuals within our society, it is incumbent upon them to use their position to achieve a balance amongst the responsibilities they hold to their shareholders and the responsibilities they hold to the other member of the society. Therefore, corporations should adhere to stakeholder-oriented business ethics. Bibliography Yunus, Mohammad. Building Social business sector. New York, NY PublicAffairs, 2010. Print. The Ford Pinto Case. American Decades. 2001. Encyclopedia. com. 5 May. 2011. Makower, Joel. Mi lton Friedman and the Social Responsibility of Business. cosmea Changing(2006) n. pag. Web. 5 May 2011. . Marcoux, Alexei. Business Ethics Gone Wrong. CATO Institute22. 3 (2000) n. pag. Web. 5 May 2011. . Hooker, John. Why Business Ethics?. (2003) n. pag. Web. 5 May 2011. . Freeman, Edward, Ramakrishna Velamuri, and Brian Moriarty. alliance Stakeholder Responsibility A New Approach to CSR. Business Roundtable Institute for Corporate Ethics(2006) n. pag. Web. 5 May 2011. . Fassin, Yves. The Stakeholder Model Re? ned. Journal of Business Ethics83. (2006) 113-135. Web. 5 May 2011. . Tupate, Patel. Ben & Jerrys a Moo-del of Corporate Social Responsibility. LEDAn. pag. LEDA at Harvard Law School.Web. 5 May 2011. . Gunter, Marie. Fair Trade or Fairly Traded?. Articlesbase. 2007. Web. 5 May 2011. . Freeman, Edward, Andrew Wicks, and Thomas Jones. Stakeholder Theory The State of the Art. Theoretical and Pedagogical Issuesn. pag. Web. 5 May 2011. . Public Trust in Business- John Mackey of Whole Foods. Business Ethics and Leadership. Web. 5 May 2011. . Danone Website http//www. danone. com/en/what-s-new/focus-4. html Calvert Investments Website http//www. calvert. com/products-funds-by-sri-approach. html Philip morris Website http//www. philipmorrisusa. com/en/cms/Company/Mission_Values/default. aspx? src=top_nav

Oracle Corporation Essay

The Central Intelligence Agency had commissioned the project to crap a commercial database management system for IBM mainframe com chuckers and code-named it Oracle. Software Development Laboratories took the Oracle name in 1982. After completion of the project, Ellison, Miner, Oates, and Scott had a vision of maturation and distri scarceing their database parcel as a profitable business opportunity.From 1982 to 1986, Oracle had achieved degree Celsius% growth. On March 15th, 1986, Oracle went public, one day after Microsofts sign public offering. From 1986 to 1989, revenues skyrocketed from $55 million to $584 million, making it one of the largest indep lastent software companies in the world, employing over 4,000 people in 24 countries. The Oracle clubs objective of becoming a profitable database software company had been achieved. Market and industry growth continued until the third quarter of 1990. Oracle suffered a $15 million dollar loss on $240 million in revenues.Betwee n 1988 and 1991, operating margins had plummeted from 23 to 3 percent. During this time, the companys stock value in any case fell. Oracle responded by letting go of 400 employees in the United States and reorganizing its senior management team. This business problem was the direct result of something the company scarcely overlooked. As the company was focusing all of its energies on growth during the late 1980s, they were losing sight of their internal operations and infrastructure. They also planned their expenses based on the 100% annual growth rate they experienced in the prior stratums, causing them to lose money.In addition, they delayed the delivery of their latest product, which allowed the competition to draw close-hauled to them. However, the release of their next product would see Oracle quickly rebound and turn things back around. In July of 1991, Oracle was working on a mod database software that had the ability to manage text, video, audio, and other data through a set of loosely connected servers.This database software was called Oracle 7, and was one of many IT events that would put Oracle ahead of the competition and save the company. 996 saw database gross gross sales grow by 20 percent and then to 10 percent in 1997, the year Microsoft released its rival SQL server, which was a cheaper alternative database release with aspirations of stealing Oracles market share. During this time, Oracle attempted to expand beyond databases and entered into the two largest application software markets, enterprise resource planning and customer relationship management. Ellison saw this as a lucrative business opportunity, considering the fact that the ERP market was estimated at $20 zillion in 1999 and projected to exceed $65 billion by 2003.The CRM market was estimated at $4 billion in 1999 and projected to exceed $16 billion by 2003. Ellison recognized that CEOs wanted to understand profitability per costumer and to be able to detect dissatisfact ion before the customer leaves. He cognise that ERP and CRM software would allow CEOs to do that by turning database data into knowledge about consumers. Ellisons vision of internet-enabled software began to take create in 1999 with the release of Oracle8i. It was followed by internet-enabled versions of all the companys key software products.A key IS solution in the development of Oracle mass would be Oracle e-Business Suite, which would include a collection of ERP and CRM applications that automated many necessary business functions. This would be the beginning of the high impact IS solutions to follow. In June of 1999, Ellison stated that Oracle would attempt to save $1billion dollars by the end of 2000 by transforming into an e-business. Ellison then eliminated all non-e-business options from the company. This bold move was an incredible success and a brilliant IS solution to some of the companys business problems.The changes were easy and smooth to implement. An example giv en in the case was that of an expense repport. In the past(a), a sales rep would fill out an expense report and manually send it to headquarters. Now the sales rep just completes the forms on the web where the report can be tracked. Not only did this create $6 million dollars in direct savings, the reports were easier and faster to complete. This solution did not only benefit employees, but customers, too. In the past if a customer wanted to demo Oracles software, a sales rep had to set an appointment to do the demo in person.Now, the sales rep can gain access to the customers browser and, over the phone, can do the demo over the browser at Oracle. com. The interchange to self-service was a very necessary and profitable solution for Oracle. They began saving millions of dollars and hours of time. Another business problem Oracle had was a lack of centralization in the business. One clever way they did this was by changing incentives for state managers. Country managers incentives were originally based on revenue. This was to be changed to shift their incentives to be based on margin.In the past, 97 e-mail servers existed with almost 120 databases in over 50 countries. This was dramatically reduced when Oracle gave each country CEO a choice. They could receive free e-mail through Redwood Shores or pay to service an e-mail server, which would directly impact their margin, and ultimately, their variable pay. This was a very effective IS solution to the lack of centralization problem the business had. Oracle would continue to centralize the business by pulling human resources, legal, sales administration, and marketing out of each country office and consolidating them at Redwood Shores.Oracle now had a single system that served everything. Oracle saved a percentage of wasted money by centralizing its marketing department. The products were the same in every country, so the centralization made sense and was absolutely necessary. By June of 2000, Oracle had gone from 63 to 17 company websites worldwide. By August 2000, the company was down to one website, Oracle. com. This solution saved the company a lot of money that was being wasted operating multiple websites for multiple countries and confusing the brand with different languages, colors, and logos.The transformation to e-business saved Oracle a ton of money, but this wasnt the only benefit of the move. The switch also generated marketing pull. Oracles customer base grew as a result of having better information about their customers and sales outlets. The pull strategy came to fruition by two combining factors. The story of the companys transformation combined with the new gained credibility the company received by performing this transformation so publicly.Now instead of sales reps attempting to sell the CEO of another company their software, CEOs were going directly to Oracle technology to transform their own businesses. This pull allowed Oracle to open an online store, as opposed to hiring more sales people to clench the increased demand. This latest IS solution, in turn, created more sales. In 1999, Oracle began streamlining its Oracle University, which supported 2500 full-time employees in 143 countries while enrolling about 500,000 students annually.These Oracle courses led to the testimony of developers and programmers that the company needed to continue growth. This business solution was yet another great move designed to farm their own employees. iLearning technology was then created as a means of a continuing education extension to Oracle Universitys certification process. This software would be hosted online and could be updated daily without patches. Oracle Corporation is a great example of a company who had the ability to predict the future of technology and make innovations to lead the industry. They took ventures, and they paid off.Larry Ellison took a big risk when he eliminated all non-e-business elements out of his business and made the trans formation to e-business, and his company was rewarded with tremendous cost savings and higher revenues. He also predicted at the end of a June 2000 press conference that the software industry would vanish and be replaced by a service industry. This remains to fully be seen, but it appears thither could be truth to this. Cloud computing has been the next innovation in computer technology, as we say many companies now providing services that used to consume us to install software on our computers.