Informational Privacy Essay Example for Free

Informational Privacy EssayThe divide between the honor and human ethics has been a quite blurred one, with many people wondering where the dividing line ought to be drawn (Rowland, 2005). For on the one hand the law ought to be obeyed and not questioned as it is the arrogant authority of the country yet on the other hand ethical considerations, especially in show windows where the law is silent, ought to be considered too. For many are the times when the law has failed to be of any use because it is either obsolete due to age or it just does not take into nib changes in life. Technological progress is one area where the law has totally failed to keep up pace with new issues that emerge with the result that it has been difficult, even impossible, to hold in sound decisions on matters of engineering science (Rowland, 2005). This paper considers a fount of information privacy from the point of view of the parents of a naval officer whose emails they cannot overture after his death. Discussion Justin Ellsworths Parents ought to have been allowed access to their sons emails because of a number of reasons. The first one is that according to the utilitarian theory, this is a man who had done so much for his nation (Rowland, 2005).He had given his own life in exchange for the lives of many other Americans whom he sought to protect from their enemies. He literally died serving his nation. In this case he was of great use and quantify to the nation. On this basis, the parents, who are his next of kin, ought to have been allowed to access his emails. One thing is critical in this entire case the parents do not merely want access their sons email but want to do this for a good reason. The reason is that he died away in battle unexpectedly and so left no final word to them.They are obligated to know what their son might have though or said prior to his death so they might understand his possible feelings then. Secondly, as people who are bereft of their so n, these parents can in all probability be little comforted in sharing in the feelings of their son feelings they can only get if they are able to access his email. Finally, it is worth considering the alternative if they are not allowed access, they will probably be less happy, develop negative attitudes towards the authorities and the law enforcement agencies, and most likely even develop a hatred for any form of government service.They might even engage in dissuading other people from ever considering to be patriotic based on their own experience that patriotism is never rewarded. The eventuality could be that fewer people would be wiling to enlist as servicemen and women in the countrys naval forces. The reason is that their son as not treated with the worth he deserved. Finally, the emails will be of no use to anyone else after all so retentiveness them or deleting when someone desperately them is essentially despising the person. Deontological ethical considerations requi re that eachthing be done in accordance with the law (Rowland, 2005).On this basis, it is all proficient for Justin Ellsworths Parents to be denied access to the emails belonging to their son. And privacy law is one that ought not to be broken at all because breaking it is both an offence as unethical. Imagine accessing the secret thoughts of a mature person. This is a person who, unlike a child, could express himself. If he had any information intended for parents he essential have send it over. Above all, else, he entered into agreement with Yahoo not to disclose his personal information. This contract is attach for as long as his account is not terminated.Such information may never be shared or disclosed to third parties regardless of their closeness to him. It is about obligation, duty, and responsibility. Not every law is popular with all people but the law is designed to serve mankind and not mankind to serve the law (Rowland, 2005). This in totality means that the law or a duty or an obligation that one party has towards another cannot be changed just like that. Agreements are binding legally and can only be nullified or revoked by mutual agreement between the parties to the agreement. So, as long as the law requires that thither is no access, there ought to be no access.It is a universal law and is also fair granting justice to the offender and the offended as well. In occurrence acting in the right way morally is only possible when the actors are made to have a sense of duty and responsibility. Without such a sense, they will tend to be less concerned (Rowland, 2005). Conclusion The difference between utilitarian and deontological approaches to life issues is that while the former justifies an act based on its inherent worth or utility, the latter purely bases the worth of an issue on its ability to adhere to ethical or moral issues which in turn away are brought about by having a sense of duty.This means that the argument as to whether or not Justin Ellsworths Parents ought to have been allowed to gain access to their sons emails is dependent on which side of the two theories one is considering. If it is the deontological one, then they ought not to be allowed it is against the law but if it is utilitarianism then they deserve to be allowed for Justin Ellsworth was of great value to the country.

Obama Represents Zeitgeist of 2008 Essay Example for Free

Obama Represents Zeitgeist of 2008 EssayBeing born in a black-white family, experiencing hardships throughout the pincer and teen stages, Barack Obama, as the first African the Statesn President of the joined States, embodied dreams of thousands of people, both black and white. Obama became a symbol of the new U. S. history and personifies the betray new page, which is uncertain for the world, but rather clear for American citizens. What was the turning point in the minds of Americans to choose African American, as a new chairwoman? What kind of precondition made them take a man out of former slaves and despised people?These answers will be followed up by the walk-to(prenominal) look at Barack Obama, yet, at this moment, it is clear that Americans have felt the spirit that communicates between black and white, suffering and freedom, revolution and stability the spirit of 2008. Most add that Barack Obama has already changed the U. S. and is going to change the world. What is so important in this man and why is he important to the United States? He was hurt at 3-year centenarian age for the first time, when his parents divorced.As a result of a single-parent family, he was raised up without self-esteem in a segregated environment. There was no one behind or next to him to give a hand in daily hardships therefore, he became drug addict and trouble maker during the in high spirits school. At that time, one could hardly tell that out of this unmotivated and self-degraded teen would raise a state senator, followed by the U. S. senator, and the U. S. President consequently. Though, Obama had no goal in life, because there was no one to show it, the spirit of revolt and revolution had been showing him the ways out of hopelessness.Being a member of isolated society, he managed to cope with odds and unequal opportunities. Negroes were not allowed to attend the same schools, hospitals, institutions, as the whites did. It was the page in history, when Obama was born and raised. But, these very restrictions and limitations had paved the way for Obamas success, making his nature stronger and character unbroken. 77230472_Obama Represents Zeitgeist of 2008 Page 1As was mentioned by Nick Bryant, to become a history-defying candidate he has been something of a history-denying figure. (BBC News) And it is true. At present, Barack Obama had to solve the civil-right paradox, so that he could appear on the U. S. Capitol steps and show the whole world that skin does not matter, inner spirit thats what matters. This is the point that united Barack with America there is no chance for hopelessness. No matter what the world is saying let him turn away from you no matter what society is saying you whitethorn change it.Chance was not on his side, yet he has national identity. Barack Obama, as well as the United States, is focused on freedom, as the extreme human value. This very spirit gave the American colonies fight against oppression and misunder standing, making the nation 1 in the world. No doubt, America is facing the hard multiplication shaking economy, unstable oil prices, mortgage crisis and global confrontation, headed by the EU. Yet, we may argue that the United States have already passed more severe tests and can define up with this one, having the right leader and right course.What is the difference in calling Obama inexperienced or naive, his inspiration reminds people that once the nation had ideals and dreams, had convictions and beliefs. Martin Luther Kings dream for America, which was spoken two years after Obama was born in 1963, is fulfilled now. Some things that seemed impossible are embodied now. Barack Obama, just like the United States, has made a leap over the illicit barrier to make something whole out of broken, to build on sinking ground. The American zeitgeist of revolution has been imbuing Obama, and the option 2008 has reflected the American notion of equal opportunity.The President of the Unit ed States is given a chance to make his values real and reveal life battle on a larger scale. The life of Barack Obama personifies confidence and victory now, rather than destruction and uncertainty at first. Hope to see the same results in the U. S. economy and its regulate on the global arena, as we look at American spirit that outpours in Obamas beliefs. Work cited Bryant, Nick. How Barack Obama defied history. BBC News. 5 Nov. 2008. 1 Dec. 2008 http//news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/americas/us_elections_2008/7710449. stm.

Tariff and non tariff trade barriers

duty and non tariff portion out barriersINTRODUCTIONDespite all the intelligible benefits of international occupation, governments have a tendency to regularise up change over barriers to protect the domesticated industry. There ar two kinds of barriers tariff and non-tariff.Tariff BarriersTariff is a assess levied on goods traded internationally, that is on imports. As a resolving power, the legal injury level of imported products rises and the demand for them decrease, thus imports ar less(prenominal).Non-tariff BarriersNon-Tariff Barriers (NTBs) include all the rules, regulations and bureaucratic delays that help in keeping external goods out of the domestic markets. Baldwin1defined a non-tariff distortion as any measure ( human race or private) that causes internationally traded goods and services, or resources devoted to the production of these goods and services, to be allocated in such a way as to reduce potential real serviceman income.The WTOAfter the public s tate of war II, many countries focused on protecting home industries. So, international trade was hampered by severe trade restrictions. To remedy this situation, twenty-three nations joined together in 1947 and signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which stimulated free trade by regulating and lowering tariffs. The work of GATT is sustained by the World Trade Organization (WTO) which encourages global commerce and reduces trade barriers. Tariffs on goods and services have been trim to low levels through eight successive rounds of the WTO still on that point has been a signifi wadt increase of Non-Tariff Measurements which are seriously hindering trade. Countries use many mechanisms to restrict imports.NTBs have gained importance as tariff levels have been reduced worldwide. They are the greatest single threat to a liberal world trading system and they are becoming more widespread the percentage of industrial countries nitty-gritty imports subject to NTBs rose from 25% in 1981 to 27% in 1983 and they are even higher today. NTBs are therefore one of the most of import issues in the round of international trade negotiations.TYPES OF NON-TARIFF BARRIERSNon- Tariff Barriers to trade can be categorized in six typesSpecific Limitations on TradeQuota sharesA quota is a restriction in value or in physical terms, seed on import and export of certain goods for a certain current of time. For fashion model, the US has enforce a quota on textiles imported from India and other countries.Import licenses/ Restrictive licensesImport licensing can be defined as administrative procedures requiring the entering of an application or other documentation, other than those required for customs purposes, to the relevant administrative body as a prior condition for importation of goods2. For example, in Washington, cheese and cheese products are subject to the requirements of the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Agriculture and most importat ions of cheese require an import license and are subject to quotas administered by the Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service3. In Mauritius, pesticides require import licence from the Ministry of Health, arms and ammunitions require import permit from the law of nature and many others.4Exchange controlsThis is monitoring the amount of foreign veer available to residents for purchasing foreign goods domestically or while travelling abroad is another(prenominal) way of restricting imports. Foreign exchange restrictions and foreign exchange controls occupy a special place among the non-tariff regulatory instruments of foreign economic activity. Foreign exchange restrictions constitute the regulation of transactions of residents and nonresidents with currency and other currency values.Import bans/ limitationsThis is a government order forbidding imports of a specific kind or from a particular country. For example, in order to protect the domestic manufacturers agains t cheap competition from the neighboring country, the government of India imposed ban on the import of Chinese toys. Moreover, many countries, like for example India, have impose a ban on food imports from Japan fearing contamination. Furthermore following a milk shit that led to the widespread poisoning of babies in China, India banned the import of milk and milk products from China.EmbargoesEmbargo is a particular type of quotas blackballing the trade, in other words, when imports from a specific country are totally banned. It is mostly put in place due to political reasons. For example, the United Nations imposed an embargo on trade with Iraq as a part of economic sanctions in 1990.Customs and Administrative Entry ProceduresCustoms ValuationThere is a commonly held view that the pecker values of goods traded internationally do not reflect their real cost. This gave rise to a very subjective system of valuation of imports and exports for levy of duty. If the value ascribed to a particular product would turn out to be considerably higher than its real cost, it could end in matching its competitiveness by increasing the total cost to the importer due to the excess duty. This would hence act as a barrier to international trade.Antidumping practiceIf a company exports a product at a price lower than the price it normally charges on its own home market, it is said to be dumping the product. Antidumping is prohibiting a country to dump, that is, to export goods at usual lower prices.Documentation requirementsThis is when complicated and unnecessary documentation requirements are asked by the importing countries. In Mauritius, according to the Mauritius chamber of commerce and Industry of Mauritius, these imports documents are required invoice, showing the FOB and CIF value of goods packaging lists bill of lading bill of entry and where applicable insurance certificate, certificate of inspection, certificate of offset and imports permits5.Rules of wrinkleDeter mining where a product comes from is no longer easy when raw materials and parts across the globe are used as inputs in the manufacturing plants. Rules of origin are important in implementing such trade constitution instruments as anti-dumping and countervailing duties, origin marking, and safeguard measures.Technical barriers to tradeTechnical BarriersCountries generally specify around quality standards to be met by imported goods for various health, welfare and safety reasons. In Mauritius, rice (imported by traders other than the State Trading Corporation) should not extend 10% broken rice, bakery additives shall not contain potassium bromate as an ingredient6, etc. This facility can be misused for occlusion the import of certain goods from specific countries by picture up of such standards, which deliberately exclude these products. The process is further complicated by the requirement that scrutiny and certification of the products regarding their meeting the set standard s be done only in the importing country.The Precautionary PrincipleThe precautionary principle, is a government restrictions on trade in the context of environmental and health concerns, often regardless of cost or scientific evidence. The precautionary principle has been interpreted by some to lowly that new chemicals and technologies should be considered dangerous until proven otherwise. It therefore requires those responsible for an activity or process to establish its harmlessness and to be liable if damage occurs.Sanitary and phyto-sanitary conditionsThis is a restriction on imports from certain places in order to protect consumers, the environment, or agriculture from harmful diseases or pests that whitethorn accompany the imported product. For font, in Mauritius, pastoral goods require a phytosanitary certificate from the ministry of Agriculture, prepared foods, drugs, and chemicals with potential adverse effects on health require phytosanitary certificate from the Ministr y of Health.7Packaging conditions, labeling conditions and product standards.Countries usually impose standards on classification, labeling and testing of products in order to be able to sell domestic products, but also to block sales of products of foreign manufacture. These standards are at times entered under the excuse of protecting the safety and health of local populations. In Mauritius, the establishment in charge for the control of standards mainly for food and other items is the Mauritius Standards Bureau.In addition, European exporters and investors are facing an increasing number of unjustifiable non-tariff barriers in the form of product certification, labeling standards, import approval requirements and customs clearance delays.Also, many of the Chinese standards such as the CCC standard require certification by the Chinese authorities before a product can be put on the Chinese market. Important information has to be submitted and the factory has often to be inspected at the expense of the exporter.Government Participation in Trade hard regulatory environmentSome countries have complex regulatory framework, for e.g. complex business registration and license, and thus this hamper free trade. For instance, rules recently enacted in China, prohibit European financial information agencies and operators to sell directly their services customers in China.Government procurement policiesThis is another type of NTB where governments pretty frequently follow the policy of procuring their requirements (including that of government-owned companies) only from local producers, or at to the lowest degree extend some price advantage to them. This closes a big potential market to the foreign producers.Subsidies to local anesthetic GoodsThis occurs when governments directly or indirectly subsidize local production in an effort to make it more competitive in the domestic and foreign markets. For example, tax benefits may be extended to a firm producing in a certa in part of the country to reduce regional imbalances, or duty drawbacks may be allowed for exported goods, or, as an extreme case, local firms may be given direct subsidies to enable them to sell their goods at a lower price than foreign firms.Countervailing dutiesThis is a duty placed on imported goods that are being subsidized by the importing government. This helps to even the playing field between the domestic producers and the foreign producers receiving subsidies.Buy national policyThis is a policy hosted by the government to help the national economy. For instance, in 2009, the Paraguayan Finance Ministry specified changes to public procurement policy in relation to the national stimulus plan. That is, public bodies that seek to spend money from the stimulus money are to give gustatory sensation to national goods and services. More specifically, domestic goods shall receive a preferential margin of 70 percent over imported products. In terms of labor, the announcement declar es that at least 70 percent of the labor involved in stimulus projects shall come from local employees living in the territory of the contracting public authority.Charges on importsVariable import levyAvariable import levyis alevyon imports that raises their price to a level at least as high as the domestic price. Such levies are adjusted frequently in response to changes in world market prices, and are imposed to defend administered prices set above world market prices. Under theUruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture, the variable levies of the EU have been converted into fixed tariffs or tariff-rate quotas.Border taxesIt is a tax system for imports and exports, especially one that compensates for internal taxes in Common Market countries by levying fees or paying rebates.OthersVoluntary trade RestraintsThis is an act of limiting exports. It happens when a country facing a persistent huge trade deficit against another country pressurized the latter to adhere to a self-imposed limi t on the exports. For instance, after facing consistent trade deficits over a number of years with Japan, the US persuaded it to impose such limits on itself.Direct and Indirect Restrictions on Foreign InvestmentsA country may directly restrict foreign investment to some specific sectors or up to a certain percentage of equity. Indirect restrictions may come in the form of limits on profits that can be repatriated or prohibition of retribution of royalty to a foreign parent company. These restrictions discourage foreign producers from setting up domestic operations. Foreign companies are generally interested in setting up local operations when they foresee increased sales or reduced costs as a consequence. thusly, restrictions against foreign investments add impediments to international trade by giving rise to inefficiencies.PROBLEMS CAUSE BY NTBsThe reduction of tariffs in progressive rounds of trade liberalization at the multilateral and regional levels has been mirrored by the rise to prominence of NTBs. NTBs for instance specific limitations on trade and charges on imports such as quotas, import ban and so on, will directly affect trade negatively as they will impact on exporting countries by decreasing or prohibition their exports. Although embargo is usually introduced for political purposes, the consequences, in essence, could be economic.This decrease or ban in exports, if it was of an important quantity/ value, will create serious economic catastrophe for the exporting countries and may result in Balance of Payments deficiency, a decrease in GDP, an increase in the level of unemployment and if nothing is done to remedy the situation, the country can go in a recession.NTBs in the customs and administration entry procedures category and in the standards category do not directly hamper free trade but they add to business cost. These testing procedures being expensive, time consuming and cumbersome to the exporters, act as a trade barrier. This will eve ntually raise their costs, star to higher prices thus making them less competitive at international level, and small and medium enterprises may be discouraged to export. A vivid example is in Iran whereNTBs negatively impact on the trade of pistachio and shrimp products. The most important reasons for the reduced export of these products are Sanitary Phyto-Sanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers (TB). harmonise to WTO rules, countries are allowed to adopt regulations under the SPS and TB agreements in order to protect human, animal and plant health as well as the environment, wildlife and human safety.8However, by imposing NTBs, both counties will lose, that is, the country which imposes the NTMs also loses. This can be demonstrated by the following facts for instance, Japanese consumers pay five times the world price for rice because of import restrictions protecting Japanese farmers. American consumers also suffer from the same double burden, paying six times the world price for s ugar because of trade restrictions. Hence, allowing free trade in a way will benefit everyone. European consumers pay dearly for restrictions on food imports and weighty taxes for domestic farm subsidies.9HOW TO REDUCE NTBSThe action should start from the top, that is, from the WTO itself. The WTO has already reached some agreements like the Anti-dumping Agreement, SPS agreements, technical barriers agreements and many other agreements.Moreover, RTAs is the first step to reduce NTBs, as it is easier to get the consensus of all an RTA members on a matter that the consensus of all the WTO members. In addition, RTAs normally constitute of country members with a similar/ more or less the same economic background. For instance, in ASEAN, most members are from developing countries while EU has members from real countries. As a result, removing NTBs will benefits all the members equivalently.For example, there has already been an agreement on the general features of the process for elimi nating NTBs in ASEAN. The process Involves, verification of information on NTBs, prioritisation of products/NTBs, developing specific work programmes, and obtaining a mandate from the ASEAN economical Ministers to implement the work programme.10In addition, different RTAs have different methods of reducing NTMs. Such as, the Working Party on Regulatory Cooperation and Standardization Policies aims at construction a shared regulatory framework and at achieving greater security for consumers and workers, better protection for the environment and reduced cost for international trade.11They also developed standards for agricultural produce that define minimum quality requirements in order to facilitate the trading process.CONCLUSIONFree trade, will surely benefits many countries. Thus in order to allow trade to occur freely, tariffs as well as non-tariff barriers need to be reduced.However, sometimes for safety reasons, some NTMs are required. For instance the import ban on food from J apan is necessary in order to avoid the proliferation of the radioactive contamination.Thus some trade restrictions may be necessary for countries to ensure the safety of the food supply and the health of plants, animals and the environment. However, sometimes governments go beyond what is necessary to protect domestic industries.Moreover, free trade can increase the poverty gap. This is so because developing countries and LDCs will not be able to compete with developed countries and multinationals may implant themselves in the LDCs just to withdraw the benefit of cheap labour and resources and does not contribute more to the development of those LDCs.

The Birth of Jesus Christ The Debate

The Birth of rescuer Christ The DebateThe kin of Jesus is the almost celebrated day yet the most controversial as pertains to the exact day of reference. Different theologians have a different age line in which they use to calculate the date. These variations became eminent when the worlds chronometer shifted from 1999 to 2000. It mark the dawn of the new millennium but otherwise purists claim that it was celebrated a year earlier than it should have. Thus, these controversy brews doubts as to the precise day in which the Saviour was born(p). The pitch of Jesus is only accounted for in the gospel of Matthew and Luke in the New Testament. In these gospels the chronology has not been mentioned but the Roman Christians acknowledged it to be 6th January. Therefore, today the controversy of prison term is taken as baseless because Christmas symbolizes a renewed joy in the Christian life a time for happiness and festivities. In the words of the angels this day a Saviour will be b orn-Christ the Lord (Luke 2 11) thus Jesus is a source of salvation to sinners.The pay of Jesus is the Christian account of how a messiah was born to deliver the world from sin.Synopsis of the birth of JesusJesus was conceived by bloody shame when John the Baptists mother (Elizabeth) was six months into motherhood. The angel named Gabriel was sent by God to inform Mary that she was going to have a son. That son was conceived through the sinless power of God because Mary was a virgin about was about to marry Joseph. When Angel Gabriel broke the news to her, she was very scared because she knew the news of pregnancy would not auger well with Joseph. The angel promised her that Joseph would not reject her and advised her of how favoured she was in the eyes of God. When Mary revealed this to Joseph, he decided to break off their affinity in a private manner without the notification of other people.As he thought of how to execute his plans, an angel appeared before him and confirmed that she was indeed pregnant through the Holy Spirit. The angel then instructed him that the name of the baby would be Jesus. The role of this child was to save the world from sins and he would also be called Immanuel pith that God was in the presence of the people (Lucado, 1995). after(prenominal) this revelation by the angel, Joseph decided to marry Mary after all. Jesus was born at the time when Emperor Augustus had ordered a census throughout the Roman Empire. Each and every person was required to register their names in the town in which they live. Hence, Joseph went to Bethlehem to register their names because he was a descendant of David.While they were in Bethlehem, Mary got her labour pains and had to give birth in a till as there was no room in the inn they sought. The shepherds who were guarding their flock that night were visited by an angel who gave them the good news (Luke 2 8 NIV). He gave them a sign of prove that a child would be found manufacturing in the man ger covered with cloth. Immediately after, nirvana opened and other angels joined the one tal top executive to the shepherds in song and dance.The shepherds then set out to Bethlehem to witness the birth of their king. When they arrived, they found Mary and Joseph with a child lying in the manger and knew that the angels had spoken the truth. Then a group of people who had prowess in reading the movement of the stars came to Herod demanding to see the small king. Herod was not ingenious with this piece of news and sent the wise men to investigate the exact place the baby was born. The star led them to Jesus and they brought him gifts like gold, frankincense and myrrh. After the short visit they returned to their country because God had warned them not to take the message back to Herod. That same night an angel instructed Joseph to run with his family to Egypt because it was no longer safe and sound there. Herod then instructed his subjects to kill all the children who were two ye ars and below as prophesied by Jeremiah but metaphorically as Rachael crying for her dead children.Importance of the birth of JesusThe birth of Jesus is important in the Christendom because it represents the actual purpose for which Christians believe and hold their faith. The existence of Jesus Christ proves the validity of the Old Testament. just about of prophesies made in the Old Testament have come to existence because of the birth of Jesus. According to prophet Jeremiah, babies would be killed in search of the Jewish king that was born (Jeremiah 3115 NIV). This came true when Jesus and his family had migrated to Egypt to escape from the wrath of Herod.Again, the birth of Jesus was the beginning of the Christian faith where people believe of the back advance of the Lord to deliver them from the worldly misery. According to Simeon, Jesus would act as the light among the Jews and Gentiles (Luke 2 25-32). The Bible also reveals that the only way to heaven is by following in the footsteps of Jesus. No one can have eternal life if they are not at par with the requirements of Jesus. Moreover, Jesus was born to save people from their sins so that they do not perish. He gave the Christians a chance to wish for a life where there is no pain, tears or any form of problem. He made people believe about a place called heaven where peace abides.Popular misconceptions about the birth of JesusChristians have always said that he was born on 25th December but the Bible does not tell of the precise date that his birth took place. It only talks of Jesus being born at the time when Herod was King (Matthew 2 18 NIV). Again, it is always depicted that Mary was riding at the back of a donkey when they arrived in Bethlehem but this is not the case. It is not outlined how they reached Bethlehem. It is also assumed that Jesus was born in a unchanging but the leger talks of manger which is a feeding trough. The trough could be anywhere not necessarily in a stable and the bible just talks of a scenario where there were no rooms in the inn. In addition, people assume that Mary gave birth on the same day they arrived in Bethlehem but it is stated otherwise (Lucado, 1995). According to Luke 2 6, it is written that time came for Mary to have a baby while they were in Bethlehem, so it could have been days past since they arrived.ConclusionAs aforementioned, the precise date of birth of Jesus is not important because Christians understand the greater purpose of his existence. Matthew accounts for the birth of Jesus while Herod still ruled Bethlehem while Luke accounts for it as having been a decade after Herods death. However, Christians have resulted to adorning 25th December as the day in which Christ was born. The nativity of Jesus is the basis by which Christmas exists and marked as holy by Christians all over the world. It is vital that Christians remind themselves of his second coming so as to be reunited forever in heavenly bliss. Therefore as Christians , Christ still remains the reason why faith and hope exists.

Performance Management and the Law

Performance Management and the LawCarlos M GarciaIntroductionWithin an organization there are more different ways to follow and obeyed employees regulations laws. These laws are governed by federal, state and judicial legislation, made to avoid lawsuits, disagreement, and to equalize bargaining power between employers and employees. According to (Smither, J. W., London, M., 2009), entropy would be required based on employees performance management to take further action either against or in favor of the individual. It is leg totallyy allowed to mount supervisors/ managers and the organization in case of legal action from an employee. To approach these situations, the organization should follow certain steps to be fair to its employees and meet the U.S. federal regulations laws for employee military force actions.To minimize the risk of employee-initiated litigation, employers must develop a checklist with the points necessary to ensure compliance with fair, consistent and legal ly sound performance evaluation dodgings. Such as, communicate employees in advance of performance evaluation standards. When hiring a new employee or adopting new standards, supervisors must update job descriptions and performance assessment forms, and copies should be given(p) to all affected employees. Document all performance problems on a regular basis and on appropriate evaluation or gradual disciplinary action forms it should be very important for the records. An accurate format for conducting the evaluations allows the most complete and accurate recording of the information. Informality, on the other hand, can lead to discrimination form of addresss. Federal and state laws prohibit discrimination in the workplace under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (Miller, F., n.d.).Also, give employees meaningful feedback because a vague, generalized or subjective assessments can lead to litigation. For example, when bosses tolerate an employee with performance problems for month s and then suddenly give him a negative assessment and dismiss him, the employee can claim that the action was arbitrary or discriminatory and may be able to show that he was not given an opportunity to improve. Therefore, it should be essential to mark supervisors in evaluating employee performance and how to manage the companys assessment system.Every organizations policies and procedures must comply based on federal and state laws related to employees, which allows equal employment opportunity, inner harassment, safety, and much more. It is the organizations responsibility to provide every employee the policies and procedures related to federal laws such as the standards of conduct, nondiscrimination, benefits, etc. At Comcast, every employee must have a form _or_ system of government pocket book with them at all the time, and every year they need to review the handbook and acknowledge it. The organization must maintain new and hoary employees informed about U.S. federal regu lation equally to all employees.A performance evaluation based on invalid outcomes can lead to indecorous impacts, such as, discrimination, involve personal issues, and other situations that can lead to legal actions. For the same reason, legally defensible performance evaluation system must be implemented. Therefore, evaluators must personally know employees performance. The system unfavorable impact it allow for always exist some way or another, but it could minimize by continuous system reviews to keep a positive performance appraisal and fairly to all employees equally. Based on (Smither, J. W., London, M., 2009), by including contextual performance as part of the job performance criteria will actually reduce adverse impact in selection since the predictors of contextual performance have little adverse impact (Smither, J. W., London, M., 2009),There are different methods to evaluate performance management within an organization. Since it is not an easy task to assess the pe rformance management to all individuals using criteria of fairness and justice, and at the same time stimulating them (Gilliland, S. Langdon, J., 1998). Therefore, to ensure fairness in the performance processThe organization should develop a system where all employees meets the needs as customers, this way the evaluation will reflect how customers would rate them, if employees do not accept the performance appraisal outcomes the system will not meet the needs and it will result in a conflict (Gilliland, S. Langdon, J., 1998).The opportunity to evaluate managers and supervisors will give employee a sense of fairness. It will help to impove the organization on various different aspect, it will help to identify any issues within the workplace related to sexual harassment, discrimination, favoritism, etc. quantify employees opinions and let them participate in situations where the individual can be valued for his/ her performance.ConclusionTherefore, in order to achieve the objective s proposed by the organizations, they must have a suitable staff to compete in the demanding business environment. Therefore, it is important to express that the performance evaluation plays a fundamental role in the companies since through it is workable to determine which is more competent personnel to carry out the activities inherent to the positions. It can be concluded that when considering the human resource as a decisive factor and an important asset, well-defined performance evaluation policies must be implemented to detect failures within organizations, in order to achieve favorable changes in their structure and performance, and maintain a relationship of justice and fairness with all workers.ReferencesGilliland, S.S., Langdon, J.C. (1998). Creating performance management systems thatpromote systems of fairness. Josey Bass, 209-243Miller, F. (n.d.). Ethical discrimination in the workplace. Retrieved on jar against 22, 2017,from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/ethical-di scrimination-workplace-1408.html (Links to an external site.)Smither, J. W., London, M. (Eds.). (2009). Performance management Putting research intoaction (Vol. 21). John Wiley Sons.

Building the American Dream :: Personal Narrative Writing

Building the the Statesn DreamWell for my parents, the American Dream was to come to America and move over a new life for themselves. Back in China things werent so easy. Earning a living was difficult. My parents heard of America and its great opportunities and high standards of living and so they prepared to come to the United States. As children, my parents lived in a old area of Fukein, China. Their lives were not easy. They woke up early in the morning to go to teach then came digest home to do their chores like cleaning, washing, cooking, watching over their brothers and sisters and working on their small farm. It was quite difficult and backbreaking but they required to do all that to provide for the family in any way they could. For my mother is was even more difficult after the death of her gravel, my grandfather. She had to work extra stiff to keep her household in order. As my parents became more independent, they knew that they treasured more for their children. Wh en my parents got married, they planned immediately to start to save up money to go to America. They wanted a better life for themselves and their children. My father worked hard for the opportunity to come here and the hard work paid off. He spent some days in Hong Kong working in his familys herbal shop trying to save up enough money to come to America. The first to arrive in America was my mother. She was the one that was to start our lives here. When she arrived to America. She was pregnant and so working to make a living was kind of hard but had the support of my father and uncle. In 1979, my father took his first glimpse of his baby son and then went out to look for a job. It was difficult but it was a lot easier here then back at home. He soon established himself as a well known chef but his first job was as a busboy. After which he set up 3 restaurants for himself and became an entreprenuer, a dream like that some people had when they came to America. He was quite successf ul in his business and enjoyed his life here. all the same he faced much cruelty such as racism and inequality but he ignored that because those were only obstacles that he could like many other obstacles he had overcome.

Anthem :: essays research papers

Removing the Stains From SocietyThe worlds creatures have always yearned for a special peace that would allow all to become equal. This peace may bring about a utopian world but reality may strike and send a message of what life is really about. any(prenominal) may think of life as a condemnation to form justice and equality amongst all yet, others think of life as a time to become a higher more authoritative person that the rest of the world. The Residential companionship at beacon fire Hill Friends House provides the sort of utopian community that many imagine achieving. Everything is equal in a small world like this starting from the management of food to the use of the VCR. The Residential Community at Beacon Hill Friends House has set a realistic utopian society and has not yet corrupted the uniqueness of justice and equality amongst the residents as in Anthem. A utopian society is a form of society in which there is only equality and justice for all. Many utopian societ ies are formed for means of shelter to those who form similar opinions of how the world should work, some for educational purposes and others for a spiritual communion. The Residential Community at Beacon Hill Friends House was formed To advance and foster the distinctive principles of the Religious Society of Friends, to provide opportunities for the development of leadership for the Society, and especially to establish and maintain a center where members of the Society and persons sympathetic to its principles, including those pursuing programs of study at other educational institutions, whether undergraduate, graduate, or special, may meet together, and where such persons may live, and where the principles of the Society may be advanced and fostered by study and example. This society is still successful in its mission to provide what has been stated. This community is still open and willing to take in any applicant. on that point are many elements that are required to maintain a utopian society such as equal chores of an everyday household. There are responsibilities of every resident from cooking food to keeping the house clean. These chores have to be just otherwise the purpose of the utopian society is corrupted. all(a) residents have the same right as any other member of the society yet there are some rules that are to be followed to dish out maintain the community. This is when a form of self-government comes into action.